Properties Of Oil Research Articles

PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT IN ELECTRICAL DISCHARGE MACHINING OF SS316 USING GRAPHITE POWDER DISPERSED IN BIODEGRADABLE PALM OIL DIELECTRIC

In today’s rapidly evolving manufacturing industry, researchers and engineers are constantly seeking innovative methods to improve machining processes. One such area of interest is the use of electrical discharge machining (EDM) for difficult-to-machine metals like SS316. This research compares the performance and economic aspects of traditional EDM and powder-mixed EDM when machining SS316 using copper electrode. Graphite powder dispersed in biodegradable palm oil is investigated as a dielectric media with the aim of enhancing EDM performance. According to the findings, the analysis of the cutting performance of different machinability aspects revealed that using graphite powder mixed with palm oil as a dielectric in EDM outperformed conventional EDM relating to material removal, surface finish, surface hardness, electrode wear rate and hole overcut. The flushing condition and unique properties of graphite powder and palm oil, such as cooling, and thermal conductivity, contributed to the improved performance observed in EDM processes. These findings highlight the potential of graphite powder mixed with palm oil as a promising alternative dielectric in EDM, offering enhanced machining capabilities and improved surface quality. The total machining expenditure per part under PMEDM (INR 505.50) is lowered by 9.2% than expenditure under conventional EDM (INR 525). The surface microhardness of the machined component attained using graphite powder-mixed EDM is enhanced in comparison to that achieved using standard EDM due to the creation of a carbon-rich re-solidified layer.

A review of the flow characteristics of shale oil and the microscopic mechanism of CO2 flooding by molecular dynamics simulation

Shale oil is stored in nanoscale shale reservoirs. To explore enhanced recovery, it is essential to characterize the flow of hydrocarbons in nanopores. Molecular dynamics simulation is required for high-precision and high-cost experiments related to nanoscale pores. This technology is crucial for studying the kinetic characteristics of substances at the micro- and nanoscale and has become an important research method in the field of micro-mechanism research of shale oil extraction. This paper presents the principles and methods of molecular dynamics simulation technology, summarizes common molecular models and applicable force fields for simulating shale oil flow and enhanced recovery studies, and analyzes relevant physical parameters characterizing the distribution and kinetic properties of shale oil in nanopores. The physical parameters analyzed include interaction energy, density distribution, radial distribution function, mean-square displacement, and diffusion coefficient. This text describes how molecular dynamics simulation explains the mechanism of oil driving in CO2 injection technology and the factors that influence it. It also summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of molecular dynamics simulation in CO2 injection for enhanced recovery of shale oil. Furthermore, it presents the development trend of molecular dynamics simulation in shale reservoirs. The aim is to provide theoretical support for the development of unconventional oil and gas.

MDs-NP: a property prediction model construction procedure for naphtha based on molecular dynamics simulation

In the context of carbon neutrality and carbon peaking, molecular management has become a focus of the petrochemical industry. The key to achieving molecular management is molecular reconstruction, which relies on rapid and accurate calculation of oil properties. Focusing on naphtha, we proposed a novel property prediction model construction procedure (MDs-NP) employing molecular dynamics simulations for property collections and gamma distribution from real analytical data for calculating mole fractions of simulation mixtures. We calculated 348 sets of mixture properties data in the range of 273 K–300 K by molecular dynamics simulations. Molecular feature extraction was based on molecular descriptors. In addition to descriptors based on open-source toolkits (RDKit and Mordred), we designed 12 naphtha knowledge (NK) descriptors with a focus on naphtha. Three machine learning algorithms (support vector regression, extreme gradient boosting and artificial neural network) were applied and compared to establish models for the prediction of the density and viscosity of naphtha. Mordred and NK descriptors + support vector regression algorithm achieved the best performance for density. The selected RDKFp and NK descriptors + artificial neural network algorithm achieved the best performance for viscosity. Using ablation studies, T, P_w and CC(C)C are three effective descriptors in NK that can improve the performance of the property prediction models. MDs-NP has the potential to be extended to more properties as well as more-complex petroleum systems. The models from MDs-NP can be used for rapid molecular reconstruction to facilitate construction of data-driven models and intelligent transformation of petrochemical processes.

Exploring miRNA-target modules in Paeonia lactiflora stamen petalization through integrated miRNAome, transcriptome, and degradome analysis

Variation in floral organ number in plants is triggered by extremely complex transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulatory processes. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a pivotal role in the post-transcriptional regulation of floral organs. Paeonia lactiflora Pall., originating from China, is a precious herbaceous plant with ornamental, medicinal, and oil properties. Building on previous transcriptional studies, this work examined post-transcriptional regulation of peony stamen petalization using critical-stage flower buds. Using high-throughput small RNA sequencing, a miRNA expression profile was constructed. This was used to identify 10 known, 334 conserved, and 255 novel miRNAs, 155, 151, and 44 of which were differentially expressed at three developmental stages (stamen primordium, stamen primordium partly petaloid, and stamen primordium completely petaloid). Degradome analysis identified 55 miRNAs and 127 potential target genes. A miRNA-target network suggested that miR172-PlRAP2, miR160-PlARF, miR396-PlGRF, miR319-PlTCP4, and miR384\\394-PlFBOX modules are key regulators of peony stamen petalization. The regulation of miR319 and PlTCP4 during peony flower development was validated through transient expression in tobacco. This study provides insight into miRNA-mediated regulation of petalized stamen formation in herbaceous peony and refines the post-transcriptional network at critical stages of this process.

Essential Oil Constituents as Anti-Inflammatory and Neuroprotective Agents: An Insight through Microglia Modulation

Microglia are key players in the brain’s innate immune response, contributing to homeostatic and reparative functions but also to inflammatory and underlying mechanisms of neurodegeneration. Targeting microglia and modulating their function may have therapeutic potential for mitigating neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. The anti-inflammatory properties of essential oils suggest that some of their components may be useful in regulating microglial function and microglial-associated neuroinflammation. This study, starting from the ethnopharmacological premises of the therapeutic benefits of aromatic plants, assessed the evidence for the essential oil modulation of microglia, investigating their potential pharmacological mechanisms. Current knowledge of the phytoconstituents, safety of essential oil components, and anti-inflammatory and potential neuroprotective effects were reviewed. This review encompasses essential oils of Thymus spp., Artemisia spp., Ziziphora clinopodioides, Valeriana jatamansi, Acorus spp., and others as well as some of their components including 1,8-cineole, β-caryophyllene, β-patchoulene, carvacrol, β-ionone, eugenol, geraniol, menthol, linalool, thymol, α-asarone, and α-thujone. Essential oils that target PPAR/PI3K-Akt/MAPK signalling pathways could supplement other approaches to modulate microglial-associated inflammation to treat neurodegenerative diseases, particularly in cases where reactive microglia play a part in the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration.

Synergistic Effect of Acrylate of Dialkyl Dithiophosphoric Acid Combined with Molybdenum Dialkyl Dithiocarbamate as Additives in Gear Oil

With the aim of improving the tribological properties of low-viscosity gear oil for automobiles, an acrylate of dialkyl dithiophosphoric acid (ADDP) with strong polar groups was synthesized. The tribological behavior of ADDP combined with molybdenum dialkyl dithiocarbamate (MoDTC) in gear oil was systematically studied. Tribological performances of gear oil containing different additives were assessed using a four-ball friction and wear tester. The obtained tribological characteristics reveal that ADDP and MoDTC can significantly improve the antiwear and antifriction performance of low-viscosity gear oil. Moreover, compared with using MoDTC or ADDP alone, the average friction coefficient and wear scar diameter of ADDP combined with MoDTC further decreased by 2.41–19.15% and 5.00–18.19%, respectively. Analysis of the worn surface showed that the structural characteristics and physical synergistic lubricating actions of the ADDP with MoDTC additives during the friction process can contribute to the exceptional tribological properties of the hybrid additives.

Connectedness of cryptocurrency markets to crude oil and gold: an analysis of the effect of COVID-19 pandemic

The notion that investors shift to gold during economic market crises remains unverified for many cryptocurrency markets. This paper investigates the connectedness between the 10 most traded cryptocurrencies and gold as well as crude oil markets pre-COVID-19 and during COVID-19. Through the application of various statistical techniques, including cointegration tests, vector autoregressive models, vector error correction models, autoregressive distributed lag models, and Granger causality analyses, we explore the relationship between these markets and assess the safe-haven properties of gold and crude oil for cryptocurrencies. Our findings reveal that during the COVID-19 pandemic, gold is a strong safe-haven for Bitcoin, Litecoin, and Monero while demonstrating a weaker safe-haven potential for Bitcoin Cash, EOS, Chainlink, and Cardano. In contrast, gold only exhibits a strong safe-haven characteristic before the pandemic for Litecoin and Monero. Additionally, Brent crude oil emerges as a strong safe-haven for Bitcoin during COVID-19, while West Texas Intermediate and Brent crude oils demonstrate weaker safe-haven properties for Ether, Bitcoin Cash, EOS, and Monero. Furthermore, the Granger causality analysis indicates that before the COVID-19 pandemic, the causal relationship predominantly flowed from gold and crude oil toward the cryptocurrency markets; however, during the COVID-19 period, the direction of causality shifted, with cryptocurrencies exerting influence on the gold and crude oil markets. These findings provide subtle implications for policymakers, hedge fund managers, and individual or institutional cryptocurrency investors. Our results highlight the need to adapt risk exposure strategies during financial turmoil, such as the crisis precipitated by the COVID-19 pandemic.

Biologically active sodium pentaborate pentahydrate and Hypericum perforatum oil loaded poly vinyl alcohol: chitosan membranes

In this study, sodium pentaborate pentahydrate (NaB) and Hypericum perforatum (HP) oil were incorporated into polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and chitosan (CH) polymer blend to obtain membranes by solution casting method. In order to see the synergistic effects of NaB and HP oil on the biological and physical properties of the membranes NaB and HP oil were incorporated into membrane matrix in different ratios. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results showed that no significant bond formation between the bioactive components and the PVA:CH matrix. According to mechanical test results, Young's Modulus and elongation at break decreased from 426 MPa to 346 MPa and 52.23 % to 15.11 % for neat PVA:CH membranes and NaB and HP oil incorporated PVA:CH (PVA:CH@35NaB:HP) membranes, respectively. Antimicrobial activity tests have shown the membranes were over 99 % effective against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans, underlining their potential for infection control. Cytocompatibility assay performed with Human Dermal Fibroblast (HDFa) cells highlight the biocompatibility of the membranes, revealing 74.84 % cell viability after 72 h. The properties of NaB and HP oil doped PVA:CH based membranes obtained from these experiments reveal the promise of a versatile membrane for applications in wound healing, tissue engineering and other biomedical fields.

Effect of extraction methods on functional properties of plant proteins: A review

AbstractFood proteins should not only provide nutrition but should also have specific functional properties that facilitate processing and enhance product performance. These functional properties refer to the physicochemical characteristics that govern the behavior of proteins in food. In this context, this article delves into the impact of extraction techniques on functional properties of protein, like solubility, emulsifying, foaming, and oil and water holding capacity. Novel extraction methods can boost extraction yield and enhance technological, functional, and nutritional properties of protein. Protein solubility was found to be significantly impacted by the application of novel extraction methods. Studies also concluded that enhancing the solubility of commercial protein isolates may lead to better functional properties. However, excessive use of extraction techniques can result in protein aggregation, which can negatively impact the foaming properties. Exposing hydrophobic groups and enhancing flexibility are the effects of novel treatment on different proteins resulting in an improvement in their functional properties. Similarly alkaline and micellized extraction also enhance the proteins properties. These findings will result in a further enrichment of the research on the functional properties of protein and provide information to help in the development of protein enriched food products.

Physicochemical Properties of African Black Soap Prepared with Alkali Derived from (Empty) Oil Palm Fruit Bunches

Physicochemical Properties of African Black Soap Prepared with Alkali Derived from (Empty) Oil Palm Fruit Bunches

Combining the pharmaceutical and toxicological properties of select essential oils with their chemical components by GC-MS analysis.

In the current investigation, a comprehensive analysis was carried out on essential oils (Eos) extracted from six aromatic plant species, namely Rosmarinus officinalis, Pelargonium graveolens, Thymus vulgaris, Origanum vulgare, Laurus nobilis, and Aloysia citrodora. An exploration was conducted into the chemical composition using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS), antioxidant properties assessed through DPPH, ABTS, CUPRAC, FRAP, MCA, and PBD assays, ecotoxicological impacts evaluated via allelopathy and the Daphnia magna heartbeat test, as well as bio-pharmacological effects including anticancer activity and gene expression analysis. Results revealed strong antioxidant activity in all essential oils, with T. vulgaris EO (2748.00 mg TE/g) and O. vulgare EO (2609.29 mg TE/g) leading in CUPRAC assay. R. officinalis EO showed the highest α-amylase inhibition at 1.58 mmol ACAE/g, while O. vulgare EO excelled in α-glucosidase inhibition at 1.57 mmol ACAE/g. Additionally, cytotoxic effects were evaluated on human colorectal cancer (HCT116) cells. A. citrodora, O. vulgare, and R. officinalis EOs were found the most potent anticancer, as also witnessed by their higher modulatory effects on the gene expression of BAX and Bcl-2. Collectively, the present data highlight the importance to implement the knowledge and to valorise the chain of aromatic plants.

Coconut-sourced MCT oil: its potential health benefits beyond traditional coconut oil

AbstractPlant dietary lipids remain one of the most intriguing and complex classes of biological molecules. Among them, medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) have garnered recognition for their unique physico-chemical properties and potential health benefits. Despite their classification as saturated fats, they stand apart from other saturated fatty acids due to their distinctive characteristics, positioning them as a valuable component in nutrition. While traditional dietary fats primarily contain long-chain triglycerides (LCTs), MCTs consist of medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs), naturally found in coconut and palm oils. The structural dissimilarity grants MCTs advantageous attributes, encompassing rapid digestion and absorption, providing a swift source of energy. Importantly, MCT oil derived from coconuts surpasses traditional coconut oil in efficiency and speed of energy conversion due to its higher concentration of readily metabolizable MCTs, making it a superior choice in human nutrition. This comprehensive study delves deeply into the potential of coconut-derived MCT oil, illuminating its chemical constituents, production from coconut oil, distinctive physical and chemical properties, and metabolic characteristics. Additionally, it highlights a range of potential biological activities of the oil, including its efficacy in managing gastrointestinal disorders and promising roles in anticancer, neuroprotective, and antimicrobial effects. The report also discusses the extensive applications of MCT oil across diverse industrial and technological sectors, as well as its utilization in structured lipids, oleogels, and as a carrier for capsaicin. Addressing safety concerns and providing dosage guidelines, this paper emphasizes MCT oil as an alternative to coconut oil in various applications, offering a holistic perspective on its benefits.

Fabrication of biopolymer stabilized microcapsules for enhancing physicochemical stability, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of cinnamon essential oil

The current study entails the encapsulation validity to enclose naturally occurring food preservatives, such as cinnamon essential oil (CM), within various wall materials. This approach has demonstrated enhanced encapsulated compounds' stability, efficiency, and bioactivity. The base carrier system consisted of a solid lipid (Berry wax, RW) individually blended with whey protein (WYN), maltodextrin (MDN), and gum Arabic (GMC) as wall materials. The resulting formulations were freeze-dried: WYN/RW/CM, MDN/RW/CM, and GMC/RW/CM. The study comprehensively analyzed encapsulation efficiency, morphology, crystallinity, thermal, and physiochemical properties. When RW was combined with WYN, MDN, and GMC, the microcapsule WYN/RW/CM showed the highest efficiency at 93.4 %, while the GMC/RW/CM exhibited the highest relative crystallinity at 46.54 %. Furthermore, the investigation assessed storage stability, release of bioactive compounds, and oxidative stability during storage at 4 °C/ 25 % RH ± 5 % and 25 °C/40 % RH ± 5 % for 55 days, revealing optimal stability in the WYN/RW/CM microcapsule. Additionally, the antimicrobial activity was assessed at various concentrations of microcapsules, revealing their inhibitory effect against Escherichia coli (gram-negative) and Staphylococcus aureus (gram-positive) bacteria. The WYN/RW/CM microcapsule exhibited the highest inhibition activity in both strains, reaching 40 mm. This study demonstrates that combining WYN with RW as a wall material has greater efficiency in encapsulation and potential uses in various industrial sectors.

Characterization of physiochemical and thermo oxidative properties of inaja fruit oil (Maximiliana maripa)

Characterization of physiochemical and thermo oxidative properties of inaja fruit oil (Maximiliana maripa)

Physicochemical and digestion properties of fish oil and anthocyanins co-encapsulated W/O/W emulsion reinforced with alginate

W/O/W double emulsion systems offer the ability to co-deliver water-soluble and oil-soluble bioactives, making them a promising choice for multifunctional delivery applications. This study focused on the development of a whey protein isolate-based W/O/W emulsion encapsulating fish oil and anthocyanins, with the addition of sodium alginate (SA) into the external aqueous phase. The physicochemical properties, emulsion stability, anthocyanins encapsulation efficiency (EE), and anthocyanins release during simulated gastrointestinal digestion were studied. The results indicated that the physical stability of W/O/W emulsions improved with increasing SA, attributed to the higher viscosity and the protective coating of SA on the WPI-stabilized interface. However, the EE of anthocyanins in SA-reinforced W/O/W emulsions was found to be lower. Excessive SA concentration, such as 1.0%, was observed to be unfavorable to maintaining the internal W1/O interface integrity. Overall, the double emulsion structure effectively regulated the release of anthocyanins throughout the digestion process. The study concluded that W/O/W emulsions containing 0.75% SA achieved optimal stability and controlled-release characteristics. These findings offer valuable insights into fabricating double emulsions for multifunctional delivery purposes, showcasing their potential applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries.

A Comprehensive Study on Peppermint Oil and Cinnamon Oil as Nanoemulsion: Preparation, Stability, Cytotoxicity, Antimicrobial, Antifungal, and Antioxidant Activity.

Recent studies have shown that nanoemulsions prepared with essential oils have significant antimicrobial potential against multidrug-resistant pathogens due to increased chemical stability. Nanoemulsion also promotes controlled and sustained release, which increases their bioavailability and efficacy against multidrug-resistant bacteria. This study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial, antifungal, antioxidant, and cytotoxicity properties of cinnamon essential oil and peppermint essential oil as nanoemulsions compared to pure forms. For this purpose, analyses of the selected stable nanoemulsions were carried out. The droplet sizes and zeta potentials of peppermint essential oil nanoemulsions and cinnamon essential oil nanoemulsions were found to be 154.6±1.42 nm and -17.1±0.68 mV and 200.3±4.71 nm and -20.0±0.81 mV, respectively. Although the amount of essential oil used in nanoemulsions was 25% w/w, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities were found to be more effective compared to pure essential oils. In cytotoxicity studies on the 3T3 cell line, both essential oil nanoemulsions showed higher cell viability than pure essential oils. At the same time, cinnamon essential oil nanoemulsions exhibited a higher antioxidant property than peppermint essential oil nanoemulsions and showed superiority in the antimicrobial susceptibility test conducted against four bacteria and two fungi. Cell viability tests determined that cinnamon essential oil nanoemulsions showed considerably higher cell viability compared to pure cinnamon essential oil. These findings indicated that the prepared nanoemulsions in the current study might positively influence the dosing regimen and clinical outcomes of antibiotic therapy.

Anti-oral streptococci and anti-biofilm properties of Etlingera pavieana essential oil and its bioactive compounds proposed for an alternative herbal mouthwash.

Oral streptococci are the major group of bacteria in the oral cavity. Some of their species cause oral diseases that may lead to tooth loss and quality-of-life reduction, such as dental caries. One of prevention techniques to promote oral health is rinsing mouthwash after toothbrushing. This study aimed to determine the potential uses of local food, also remedy, plant in Thailand called Reaw-Horm or Etlingera pavieana for alternative herbal mouthwash. The essential oil from E. pavieana rhizome (Eo) is used for anti-streptococci including Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus and anti-biofilm activities. The main components of Eo are methyl chavicol (MC) and trans-anethole (TA). The disk diffusion method showed the inhibition zone of Eo in a dose-dependent manner. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Eo and TA was >1.6 % v/v, and 0.4 % v/v of MC. Regarding anti-biofilm activities, MC showed nearly equal anti-biofilm formation of S. mutans and S. sobrinus, whereas Eo and TA acted toward S. sobrinus more than S. mutans biofilm. Sub-MIC killing effects on cells under biofilm were observed in Eo and MC. Therefore, MC was recommended as an active compound for anti-streptococci activities. Biocompatibility of Eo and MC were shown to be safe for epidermal cell lines. Herbal mouthwashes containing Eo were developed and had antioxidant and antimicrobial actions with established for 3 months. This study provides in vitro support on the use of herbal mouthwash with antioxidant and antimicrobial activities for dental caries prevention and well-being of individuals.

In vitro and in vivo anthelmintic effect of essential oil obtained from Thymus capitatus flowers against Haemonchus contortus and Heligmosomoides polygyrus

Sheep haemonchosis is a disease that causes serious losses in livestock production, particularly with the increase of cases of anthelmintic resistance around the world. This justifies the urgent need of alternative solutions. The aim of this study was to determine the chemical profile, in vitro, and, in vivo, anthelmintic properties of Thymus capitatus essential oil. To evaluate the, in vitro, anthelmintic activity of the T. capitatus EO on Haemonchus contortus, two tests were used: egg hatch assay (EHA) and adult worm motility (AWM) assay. The nematicidal effect of this oil was evaluated, in vivo, in mice infected artificially with Heligmosomoides polygyrus using faecal egg count reduction (FECR) and total worm count reduction (TWCR). Chromatographic characterization of T.capitatus composition using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) demonstrated the presence of carvacrol (81.16%), as the major constituents. The IC50 values obtained was 1.9 mg/mL in the EHT. In the AWM assay; T. capitatus essential oil achieved 70.8% inhibition at 1 mg/mL after 8 h incubation. The in vivo, evaluation on H. polygyrus revealed a significant nematicidal effect 7 days post-treatment by inducing 49.5% FECR and 64.5% TWCR, using the highest dose (1600 mg/kg). The results of present study, demonstrate that T.capitatus EO possess a significant anthelmintic properties. Furthermore, it could be an alternative source of anthelmintic agents against gastrointestinal infections caused by H. contortus.

Optimizing CO2 sequestration in Vapor Extraction Process: A Meso-Scale analysis of oil Viscosity, Permeability, and mobile oil orientation effects

Carbon dioxide (CO2) use in Vapor Extraction (VAPEX) has attracted attention for its potential to enhance oil recovery by altering oil density and viscosity, leading to convective-mixing flow in the VAPEX boundary layer. This study explores CO2 sequestration via dissolution into this layer, with a focus on the impact of oil viscosity, permeability, and mobile oil orientation. An isothermal lattice Boltzmann model, which accounts for the variable oil properties like viscosity and diffusion coefficient dependent on dissolved CO2 concentration, was developed for the analysis. Results show that reduced oil viscosity leads to accelerated growth of density fingers and an expanded area swept by CO2 dissolution. Similarly, heightened permeability and mobile oil angle contribute to these effects. This research provides novel insights into optimizing CO2 sequestration within the VAPEX process.

Formulasi Sediaan Hair Tonic Ekstrak Rumput Laut (Hormophysa Triquetra) Dengan Kombinasi Ekstrak Kemiri (Aleurites Moluccana) Sebagai Penumbuh Rambut

Hormophysa triquetra seaweed is one of the marine natural resources that has not been utilized optimally by society. H. triquetra seaweed has a dominant pigment, namely fucoxanthin, which has anti-cancer and anti-obesity properties. Seaweed is widely used as a cosmetic product by utilizing its ingredients. H. triquetra seaweed contains flavonoids, phenols as antioxidants which are able to repair damaged hair cells and produce skin tissue which is conducive to hair growth, besides the vitamin C content which can increase blood circulation and provide nutrition for hair follicles. Aleurites moluccana candlenut oil contains high levels of oleic acid and has activity as a hair growth stimulant which has been widely used for generations as a hair tonic. In addition, the antioxidant properties of candlenut oil's oleic acid are believed to slow hair loss and accelerate hair growth. The aim of this research is to determine the formulation and characteristics of the best hair tonic made from H. triquetra seaweed and candlenut extract as a hair growth agent. A completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 3 replications was used in this experiment. The best results were in the F0 treatment because it showed good physical stability in the test animals and fast hair length growth among other treatments because the samples used contained the highest seaweed extract and contained antioxidants which could protect hair and maintain good hair pigmentation.